diff --git a/app/chewy/accounts_index.rb b/app/chewy/accounts_index.rb
index 61f5277d2bee7ee33e8cbf3981b27d18f046fb76..1f8571c09d3b7b70f66e56c1b33dcaac8f731d9f 100644
--- a/app/chewy/accounts_index.rb
+++ b/app/chewy/accounts_index.rb
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 # frozen_string_literal: true
 
 class AccountsIndex < Chewy::Index
-  settings index: { refresh_interval: '30s' }, analysis: {
+  settings index: index_preset(refresh_interval: '30s'), analysis: {
     filter: {
       english_stop: {
         type: 'stop',
diff --git a/app/chewy/instances_index.rb b/app/chewy/instances_index.rb
index 2bce4043c9c5d5dd343f11d9f20a5a7b7a62a621..0d58167dc807b5737cb184a33de3ece173c3d825 100644
--- a/app/chewy/instances_index.rb
+++ b/app/chewy/instances_index.rb
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 # frozen_string_literal: true
 
 class InstancesIndex < Chewy::Index
-  settings index: { refresh_interval: '30s' }
+  settings index: index_preset(refresh_interval: '30s')
 
   index_scope ::Instance.searchable
 
diff --git a/app/chewy/statuses_index.rb b/app/chewy/statuses_index.rb
index 6dd4fb18b024dc204df2b4e2f722e2d6e6166fd7..9f680efa52d5e3ff4cf7a53e5c30b45392fdf897 100644
--- a/app/chewy/statuses_index.rb
+++ b/app/chewy/statuses_index.rb
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 class StatusesIndex < Chewy::Index
   include FormattingHelper
 
-  settings index: { refresh_interval: '30s' }, analysis: {
+  settings index: index_preset(refresh_interval: '30s', number_of_shards: 5), analysis: {
     filter: {
       english_stop: {
         type: 'stop',
diff --git a/app/chewy/tags_index.rb b/app/chewy/tags_index.rb
index df3d9e4cce2920e90a88f4b7e7acf186ed9f2731..b2d50a000c38e5f1e32bb44810b078da9c4c79b9 100644
--- a/app/chewy/tags_index.rb
+++ b/app/chewy/tags_index.rb
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 # frozen_string_literal: true
 
 class TagsIndex < Chewy::Index
-  settings index: { refresh_interval: '30s' }, analysis: {
+  settings index: index_preset(refresh_interval: '30s'), analysis: {
     analyzer: {
       content: {
         tokenizer: 'keyword',
diff --git a/config/application.rb b/config/application.rb
index a3bd3dfa4e5672707b16279a936f3f75fd1952e5..372adc16801b699798e2967881cc49b5dc4e966e 100644
--- a/config/application.rb
+++ b/config/application.rb
@@ -41,6 +41,8 @@ require_relative '../lib/mastodon/rack_middleware'
 require_relative '../lib/public_file_server_middleware'
 require_relative '../lib/devise/two_factor_ldap_authenticatable'
 require_relative '../lib/devise/two_factor_pam_authenticatable'
+require_relative '../lib/chewy/settings_extensions'
+require_relative '../lib/chewy/index_extensions'
 require_relative '../lib/chewy/strategy/mastodon'
 require_relative '../lib/chewy/strategy/bypass_with_warning'
 require_relative '../lib/webpacker/manifest_extensions'
diff --git a/config/initializers/chewy.rb b/config/initializers/chewy.rb
index dc90176213e5ef276f626736c383627c31c6794d..7d51a08457b879e976e1d4f9b6544f55908bb60e 100644
--- a/config/initializers/chewy.rb
+++ b/config/initializers/chewy.rb
@@ -25,14 +25,6 @@ Chewy.root_strategy              = :bypass_with_warning if Rails.env.production?
 Chewy.request_strategy           = :mastodon
 Chewy.use_after_commit_callbacks = false
 
-module Chewy
-  class << self
-    def enabled?
-      settings[:enabled]
-    end
-  end
-end
-
 # Elasticsearch uses Faraday internally. Faraday interprets the
 # http_proxy env variable by default which leads to issues when
 # Mastodon is run with hidden services enabled, because
diff --git a/lib/chewy/index_extensions.rb b/lib/chewy/index_extensions.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..064fd56b3e6648b17b589a23db50ddb7863cd215
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/chewy/index_extensions.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+module Chewy
+  module IndexExtensions
+    def index_preset(base_options = {})
+      case ENV['ES_PRESET'].presence
+      when 'single_node_cluster', nil
+        base_options.merge(number_of_replicas: 0)
+      when 'small_cluster'
+        base_options.merge(number_of_replicas: 1)
+      when 'large_cluster'
+        base_options.merge(number_of_replicas: 1, number_of_shards: (base_options[:number_of_shards] || 1) * 2)
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end
+
+Chewy::Index.extend(Chewy::IndexExtensions)
diff --git a/lib/chewy/settings_extensions.rb b/lib/chewy/settings_extensions.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0eb8b336f3afc96fb1fb2d466d94988999a7b491
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/chewy/settings_extensions.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+module Chewy
+  module SettingsExtensions
+    def enabled?
+      settings[:enabled]
+    end
+  end
+end
+
+Chewy.extend(Chewy::SettingsExtensions)