diff --git a/lib/composer/composer/autoload_classmap.php b/lib/composer/composer/autoload_classmap.php
index 01dcecb0e47818cb961b9ff2deef97323dcd15fa..53ffecddd3bcd9ec2e2f96b9eddcbe4950cf100e 100644
--- a/lib/composer/composer/autoload_classmap.php
+++ b/lib/composer/composer/autoload_classmap.php
@@ -1153,6 +1153,7 @@ return array(
     'OC\\Preview\\ProviderV2' => $baseDir . '/lib/private/Preview/ProviderV2.php',
     'OC\\Preview\\SVG' => $baseDir . '/lib/private/Preview/SVG.php',
     'OC\\Preview\\StarOffice' => $baseDir . '/lib/private/Preview/StarOffice.php',
+    'OC\\Preview\\Storage\\Root' => $baseDir . '/lib/private/Preview/Storage/Root.php',
     'OC\\Preview\\TIFF' => $baseDir . '/lib/private/Preview/TIFF.php',
     'OC\\Preview\\TXT' => $baseDir . '/lib/private/Preview/TXT.php',
     'OC\\Preview\\Watcher' => $baseDir . '/lib/private/Preview/Watcher.php',
diff --git a/lib/composer/composer/autoload_static.php b/lib/composer/composer/autoload_static.php
index 7a9bd5652d672df3626f0a40910234778ed63459..45ab02ded2b2f7bd3885c75ed55040825063b5cd 100644
--- a/lib/composer/composer/autoload_static.php
+++ b/lib/composer/composer/autoload_static.php
@@ -1182,6 +1182,7 @@ class ComposerStaticInit53792487c5a8370acc0b06b1a864ff4c
         'OC\\Preview\\ProviderV2' => __DIR__ . '/../../..' . '/lib/private/Preview/ProviderV2.php',
         'OC\\Preview\\SVG' => __DIR__ . '/../../..' . '/lib/private/Preview/SVG.php',
         'OC\\Preview\\StarOffice' => __DIR__ . '/../../..' . '/lib/private/Preview/StarOffice.php',
+        'OC\\Preview\\Storage\\Root' => __DIR__ . '/../../..' . '/lib/private/Preview/Storage/Root.php',
         'OC\\Preview\\TIFF' => __DIR__ . '/../../..' . '/lib/private/Preview/TIFF.php',
         'OC\\Preview\\TXT' => __DIR__ . '/../../..' . '/lib/private/Preview/TXT.php',
         'OC\\Preview\\Watcher' => __DIR__ . '/../../..' . '/lib/private/Preview/Watcher.php',
diff --git a/lib/private/Preview/BackgroundCleanupJob.php b/lib/private/Preview/BackgroundCleanupJob.php
index 15bb6bd71887349c04983b14119646a177bfee4e..e0546c4a11c7adcbf71e3787fda0c14b11b3f408 100644
--- a/lib/private/Preview/BackgroundCleanupJob.php
+++ b/lib/private/Preview/BackgroundCleanupJob.php
@@ -27,8 +27,9 @@ declare(strict_types=1);
 namespace OC\Preview;
 
 use OC\BackgroundJob\TimedJob;
-use OC\Files\AppData\Factory;
+use OC\Preview\Storage\Root;
 use OCP\DB\QueryBuilder\IQueryBuilder;
+use OCP\Files\IMimeTypeLoader;
 use OCP\Files\NotFoundException;
 use OCP\Files\NotPermittedException;
 use OCP\IDBConnection;
@@ -38,28 +39,47 @@ class BackgroundCleanupJob extends TimedJob {
 	/** @var IDBConnection */
 	private $connection;
 
-	/** @var Factory */
-	private $appDataFactory;
+	/** @var Root */
+	private $previewFolder;
 
 	/** @var bool */
 	private $isCLI;
 
+	/** @var IMimeTypeLoader */
+	private $mimeTypeLoader;
+
 	public function __construct(IDBConnection $connection,
-								Factory $appDataFactory,
+								Root $previewFolder,
+								IMimeTypeLoader $mimeTypeLoader,
 								bool $isCLI) {
 		// Run at most once an hour
 		$this->setInterval(3600);
 
 		$this->connection = $connection;
-		$this->appDataFactory = $appDataFactory;
+		$this->previewFolder = $previewFolder;
 		$this->isCLI = $isCLI;
+		$this->mimeTypeLoader = $mimeTypeLoader;
 	}
 
 	public function run($argument) {
-		$previews = $this->appDataFactory->get('preview');
+		foreach ($this->getDeletedFiles() as $fileId) {
+			try {
+				$preview = $this->previewFolder->getFolder((string)$fileId);
+				$preview->delete();
+			} catch (NotFoundException $e) {
+				// continue
+			} catch (NotPermittedException $e) {
+				// continue
+			}
+		}
+	}
 
-		$previewFodlerId = $previews->getId();
+	private function getDeletedFiles(): \Iterator {
+		yield from $this->getOldPreviewLocations();
+		yield from $this->getNewPreviewLocations();
+	}
 
+	private function getOldPreviewLocations(): \Iterator {
 		$qb = $this->connection->getQueryBuilder();
 		$qb->select('a.name')
 			->from('filecache', 'a')
@@ -69,7 +89,9 @@ class BackgroundCleanupJob extends TimedJob {
 			->where(
 				$qb->expr()->isNull('b.fileid')
 			)->andWhere(
-				$qb->expr()->eq('a.parent', $qb->createNamedParameter($previewFodlerId))
+				$qb->expr()->eq('a.parent', $qb->createNamedParameter($this->previewFolder->getId()))
+			)->andWhere(
+				$qb->expr()->like('a.name', $qb->createNamedParameter('__%'))
 			);
 
 		if (!$this->isCLI) {
@@ -79,14 +101,54 @@ class BackgroundCleanupJob extends TimedJob {
 		$cursor = $qb->execute();
 
 		while ($row = $cursor->fetch()) {
-			try {
-				$preview = $previews->getFolder($row['name']);
-				$preview->delete();
-			} catch (NotFoundException $e) {
-				// continue
-			} catch (NotPermittedException $e) {
-				// continue
-			}
+			yield $row['name'];
+		}
+
+		$cursor->closeCursor();
+	}
+
+	private function getNewPreviewLocations(): \Iterator {
+		$qb = $this->connection->getQueryBuilder();
+		$qb->select('path', 'mimetype')
+			->from('filecache')
+			->where($qb->expr()->eq('fileid', $qb->createNamedParameter($this->previewFolder->getId())));
+		$cursor = $qb->execute();
+		$data = $cursor->fetch();
+		$cursor->closeCursor();
+
+		if ($data === null) {
+			return [];
+		}
+
+		/*
+		 * This lovely like is the result of the way the new previews are stored
+		 * We take the md5 of the name (fileid) and split the first 7 chars. That way
+		 * there are not a gazillion files in the root of the preview appdata.
+		 */
+		$like = $this->connection->escapeLikeParameter($data['path']) . '/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/%';
+
+		$qb = $this->connection->getQueryBuilder();
+		$qb->select('a.name')
+			->from('filecache', 'a')
+			->leftJoin('a', 'filecache', 'b', $qb->expr()->eq(
+				$qb->expr()->castColumn('a.name', IQueryBuilder::PARAM_INT), 'b.fileid'
+			))
+			->where(
+				$qb->expr()->andX(
+					$qb->expr()->isNull('b.fileid'),
+					$qb->expr()->like('a.path', $qb->createNamedParameter($like)),
+					$qb->expr()->eq('a.mimetype', $qb->createNamedParameter($this->mimeTypeLoader->getId('httpd/unix-directory')))
+				)
+			);
+
+		if (!$this->isCLI) {
+			$qb->setMaxResults(10);
+		}
+
+		$cursor = $qb->execute();
+
+		while ($row = $cursor->fetch()) {
+			yield $row['name'];
 		}
 
 		$cursor->closeCursor();
diff --git a/lib/private/Preview/Storage/Root.php b/lib/private/Preview/Storage/Root.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0e9d92a44c24a3f4c0600e43da943f1880416285
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/private/Preview/Storage/Root.php
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+<?php
+
+declare(strict_types=1);
+/**
+ * @copyright Copyright (c) 2020, Roeland Jago Douma <roeland@famdouma.nl>
+ *
+ * @author Roeland Jago Douma <roeland@famdouma.nl>
+ *
+ * @license GNU AGPL version 3 or any later version
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as
+ * published by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the
+ * License, or (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
+ * along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ *
+ */
+
+namespace OC\Preview\Storage;
+
+use OC\Files\AppData\AppData;
+use OC\SystemConfig;
+use OCP\Files\IRootFolder;
+use OCP\Files\NotFoundException;
+use OCP\Files\SimpleFS\ISimpleFolder;
+
+class Root extends AppData {
+	public function __construct(IRootFolder $rootFolder, SystemConfig $systemConfig) {
+		parent::__construct($rootFolder, $systemConfig, 'preview');
+	}
+
+
+	public function getFolder(string $name): ISimpleFolder {
+		$internalFolder = $this->getInternalFolder($name);
+
+		try {
+			return parent::getFolder($internalFolder);
+		} catch (NotFoundException $e) {
+			/*
+			 * The new folder structure is not found.
+			 * Lets try the old one
+			 */
+		}
+
+		return parent::getFolder($name);
+	}
+
+	public function newFolder(string $name): ISimpleFolder {
+		$internalFolder = $this->getInternalFolder($name);
+		return parent::newFolder($internalFolder);
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Do not allow directory listing on this special root
+	 * since it gets to big and time consuming
+	 */
+	public function getDirectoryListing(): array {
+		return [];
+	}
+
+	private function getInternalFolder(string $name): string {
+		return implode('/', str_split(substr(md5($name), 0, 7))) . '/' . $name;
+	}
+}
diff --git a/lib/private/Server.php b/lib/private/Server.php
index cf4f8cc097b9a7fb3e6e380a6c3a291dd61278f5..4fe89e3098e3e7805d77a2853fa0b1f680c7e30d 100644
--- a/lib/private/Server.php
+++ b/lib/private/Server.php
@@ -281,7 +281,7 @@ class Server extends ServerContainer implements IServerContainer {
 			return new PreviewManager(
 				$c->getConfig(),
 				$c->getRootFolder(),
-				$c->getAppDataDir('preview'),
+				new \OC\Preview\Storage\Root($c->getRootFolder(), $c->getSystemConfig(), 'preview'),
 				$c->getEventDispatcher(),
 				$c->getGeneratorHelper(),
 				$c->getSession()->get('user_id')
@@ -291,7 +291,7 @@ class Server extends ServerContainer implements IServerContainer {
 
 		$this->registerService(\OC\Preview\Watcher::class, function (Server $c) {
 			return new \OC\Preview\Watcher(
-				$c->getAppDataDir('preview')
+				new \OC\Preview\Storage\Root($c->getRootFolder(), $c->getSystemConfig(), 'preview')
 			);
 		});
 
diff --git a/tests/lib/Preview/BackgroundCleanupJobTest.php b/tests/lib/Preview/BackgroundCleanupJobTest.php
index db2bf09b6e57c583e4b0a46bbbd4d5bc757515e0..cd9f6ef03991d17caf12a419ff389558d078aa1a 100644
--- a/tests/lib/Preview/BackgroundCleanupJobTest.php
+++ b/tests/lib/Preview/BackgroundCleanupJobTest.php
@@ -22,10 +22,13 @@
 
 namespace Test\Preview;
 
-use OC\Files\AppData\Factory;
 use OC\Preview\BackgroundCleanupJob;
+use OC\Preview\Storage\Root;
 use OC\PreviewManager;
+use OCP\Files\File;
+use OCP\Files\IMimeTypeLoader;
 use OCP\Files\IRootFolder;
+use OCP\Files\NotFoundException;
 use OCP\IDBConnection;
 use Test\Traits\MountProviderTrait;
 use Test\Traits\UserTrait;
@@ -47,9 +50,6 @@ class BackgroundCleanupJobTest extends \Test\TestCase {
 	/** @var bool */
 	private $trashEnabled;
 
-	/** @var Factory */
-	private $appDataFactory;
-
 	/** @var IDBConnection */
 	private $connection;
 
@@ -59,6 +59,9 @@ class BackgroundCleanupJobTest extends \Test\TestCase {
 	/** @var IRootFolder */
 	private $rootFolder;
 
+	/** @var IMimeTypeLoader */
+	private $mimeTypeLoader;
+
 	protected function setUp(): void {
 		parent::setUp();
 
@@ -76,13 +79,10 @@ class BackgroundCleanupJobTest extends \Test\TestCase {
 		$this->trashEnabled = $appManager->isEnabledForUser('files_trashbin', $this->userId);
 		$appManager->disableApp('files_trashbin');
 
-		$this->appDataFactory = new Factory(
-			\OC::$server->getRootFolder(),
-			\OC::$server->getSystemConfig()
-		);
 		$this->connection = \OC::$server->getDatabaseConnection();
 		$this->previewManager = \OC::$server->getPreviewManager();
 		$this->rootFolder = \OC::$server->getRootFolder();
+		$this->mimeTypeLoader = \OC::$server->getMimeTypeLoader();
 	}
 
 	protected function tearDown(): void {
@@ -96,6 +96,13 @@ class BackgroundCleanupJobTest extends \Test\TestCase {
 		parent::tearDown();
 	}
 
+	private function getRoot(): Root {
+		return new Root(
+			\OC::$server->getRootFolder(),
+			\OC::$server->getSystemConfig()
+		);
+	}
+
 	private function setup11Previews(): array {
 		$userFolder = $this->rootFolder->getUserFolder($this->userId);
 
@@ -110,52 +117,89 @@ class BackgroundCleanupJobTest extends \Test\TestCase {
 		return $files;
 	}
 
+	private function countPreviews(Root $previewRoot, array $fileIds): int {
+		$i = 0;
+
+		foreach ($fileIds as $fileId) {
+			try {
+				$previewRoot->getFolder((string)$fileId);
+			} catch (NotFoundException $e) {
+				continue;
+			}
+
+			$i++;
+		}
+
+		return $i;
+	}
+
 	public function testCleanupSystemCron() {
 		$files = $this->setup11Previews();
+		$fileIds = array_map(function (File $f) {
+			return $f->getId();
+		}, $files);
 
-		$preview = $this->appDataFactory->get('preview');
-
-		$previews = $preview->getDirectoryListing();
-		$this->assertCount(11, $previews);
+		$root = $this->getRoot();
 
-		$job = new BackgroundCleanupJob($this->connection, $this->appDataFactory, true);
+		$this->assertSame(11, $this->countPreviews($root, $fileIds));
+		$job = new BackgroundCleanupJob($this->connection, $root, $this->mimeTypeLoader, true);
 		$job->run([]);
 
 		foreach ($files as $file) {
 			$file->delete();
 		}
 
-		$this->assertCount(11, $previews);
+		$root = $this->getRoot();
+		$this->assertSame(11, $this->countPreviews($root, $fileIds));
 		$job->run([]);
 
-		$previews = $preview->getDirectoryListing();
-		$this->assertCount(0, $previews);
+		$root = $this->getRoot();
+		$this->assertSame(0, $this->countPreviews($root, $fileIds));
 	}
 
 	public function testCleanupAjax() {
 		$files = $this->setup11Previews();
+		$fileIds = array_map(function (File $f) {
+			return $f->getId();
+		}, $files);
 
-		$preview = $this->appDataFactory->get('preview');
-
-		$previews = $preview->getDirectoryListing();
-		$this->assertCount(11, $previews);
+		$root = $this->getRoot();
 
-		$job = new BackgroundCleanupJob($this->connection, $this->appDataFactory, false);
+		$this->assertSame(11, $this->countPreviews($root, $fileIds));
+		$job = new BackgroundCleanupJob($this->connection, $root, $this->mimeTypeLoader, false);
 		$job->run([]);
 
 		foreach ($files as $file) {
 			$file->delete();
 		}
 
-		$this->assertCount(11, $previews);
+		$root = $this->getRoot();
+		$this->assertSame(11, $this->countPreviews($root, $fileIds));
 		$job->run([]);
 
-		$previews = $preview->getDirectoryListing();
-		$this->assertCount(1, $previews);
+		$root = $this->getRoot();
+		$this->assertSame(1, $this->countPreviews($root, $fileIds));
+		$job->run([]);
+
+		$root = $this->getRoot();
+		$this->assertSame(0, $this->countPreviews($root, $fileIds));
+	}
+
+	public function testOldPreviews() {
+		$appdata = \OC::$server->getAppDataDir('preview');
+
+		$f1 = $appdata->newFolder('123456781');
+		$f1->newFile('foo.jpg', 'foo');
+		$f2 = $appdata->newFolder('123456782');
+		$f2->newFile('foo.jpg', 'foo');
+
+		$appdata = \OC::$server->getAppDataDir('preview');
+		$this->assertSame(2, count($appdata->getDirectoryListing()));
 
+		$job = new BackgroundCleanupJob($this->connection, $this->getRoot(), $this->mimeTypeLoader, true);
 		$job->run([]);
 
-		$previews = $preview->getDirectoryListing();
-		$this->assertCount(0, $previews);
+		$appdata = \OC::$server->getAppDataDir('preview');
+		$this->assertSame(0, count($appdata->getDirectoryListing()));
 	}
 }