Allow config of the backoff algorithm for the federation client. (#15754)

Adds three new configuration variables:

* destination_min_retry_interval is identical to before (10mn).
* destination_retry_multiplier is now 2 instead of 5, the maximum value will
  be reached slower.
* destination_max_retry_interval is one day instead of (essentially) infinity.

Capping this will cause destinations to continue to be retried sometimes instead
of being lost forever. The previous value was 2 ^ 62 milliseconds.